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A comprehensive video and online manual WordPress plugin that developers can give to their clients. It has over 30 high quality video tutorials. An Online manual with over 100 pages. It automatically updates with each new version of WordPress.

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Font Basics

By Stephen Bucaro

A font is actually a graphic shape, for example a triangle, which can be used to create a typographic character. A group of fonts of similar design can be used to create a typeface. A set of typefaces in different sizes and weights, created from the same group of fonts, is a type family. These terms are often misused, the term "font" being used to mean a typeface.

There are two basic kinds of fonts, "bitmapped" fonts and "scalable" fonts. Bitmapped fonts are constructed as a pattern of dots. Bitmapped fonts can be enlarged, but this produces jagged looking type.

Scalable fonts are stored as outlines of the characters along with rules (known as "hints") used when displaying the font. This allows the fonts to be displayed over a wider range of sizes and still look good. Scalable fonts can be used for both the computer screen and the printer, making it more likely that the print will closely match what's seen on the computer screen.

A font file will usually contain a set of fonts in several different point sizes. A font's size is the height of the characters in "points". There are 72 points per inch. The font size refers to the height of characters when printed on paper. Unlike paper, computer screens come in different sizes and can be set to different screen resolutions. Also many applications allow the user to magnify the document; therefore, the size of type on the screen will only rarely be the same as the point size.

Adobe invented the first scalable font technology called "PostScript", but PostScript basically became obsolete when Microsoft provided its "TrueType" scalable fonts for no extra charge with the Windows operating system. One important feature of TrueType fonts is the ability to embed the font into the document itself.

The fonts used in a document are embedded in an encrypted form that prevents the recipient of a document from removing the font and using it without paying for it. The font developer can configure the font to be read-only, where the receiver of the document with the font may view and print it but not edit it, or read-write, where the receiver may edit, as well as view and print the document.

Bitmapped fonts are stored in files with the extension .fon. TrueType fonts are stored as font descriptions in files with the extension .ttf. To install a font, simply copy the font file to the c:\Windows\fonts or :\WINNT\fonts folder. You could store a font file in a different folder and include a shortcut to the font file in the fonts folder.

To view a font, simply navigate to the fonts folder and double-click on a font file. You can also view fonts by selecting Start | Settings | Control Panel and opening the Fonts utility. The Fonts utility provides many extra features, such as the ability to select similar fonts.

When you select the "font" menu item from within an application, the Font dialog box will display a list of the the fonts stored in the fonts folder. The Font dialog box in some applications will actually display the typefaces for you to choose from.

When you install some applications, like graphics programs, hundreds of fonts may be installed along with them. To keep the number of fonts manageable, you may want to delete fonts you don't use. To delete a font, simply delete the font file, but remember, if you used that font in a document, when you open or print that document, Windows will be required to select the closest matching font to the deleted font, and you may get unexpected results.

System fonts are used by the Windows operating system for text like window titles and menu items. To determine which fonts are being used by the system, select Start | Settings | Control panel and open the Display utility. In the Display Properties dialog box, select the Appearance tab. In the Item: drop-down list, select items that use text, like "Title Bar", "Menu", "Message Box", and so on. The name of the font used for each item will appear in the Font: text box. Don't delete a font being used by the system.

Copyright(C) Bucaro TecHelp. To learn how to maintain your computer and use it more effectively to design a Web site and make money on the Web visit bucarotechelp.com To subscribe to Bucaro TecHelp Newsletter visit http://bucarotechelp.com/search/000800.asp

Things You Might Like to Know about Copyrights

by Jan K., The Proofer  

You may be under the impression that before you can get your text published, you must "get the copyright" to your own written material. You might also think that in order to get the copyright, you must "apply" for it. This is just not so. In the following few paragraphs, I'll give you some simple facts about copyrights that may help you in your quest to get published.

First, it is important to understand that you cannot "copyright" an idea; you can only copyright what you have written. That is, you might have just written the greatest self-help manual on how to breed guppies. And you did, indeed, file for your copyright with the Library of Congress. Three weeks after completing the formal copyrighting process, you find out that the manager of your neighborhood pet store (where you've been buying your guppies) has just sold the TV rights to a new hit show "Breeding Guppies" and he is using many of the same principles that you've outlined in your manual on how to go about guppy breeding. 

So, naturally, since this is the 21st Century and you live in America, you want to sue the guy. You think you have a sure thing, and you are dreaming of the million-dollar award that the jury is sure to give you. Butyou'd better not put a down payment on that Guppy Farm in Iowa just yet.

The manual you wrote, the exact words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and chapters that you wrote, belong to you. It is illegal for anyone to reproduce or use any of that text, in part or in whole, for profit without your permission. However, you must be able to prove that your exact words have been stolen before you can get an award for copyright infringement. So, you know that guy with his hit TV series? Well, unless he's reading from your manual word-for-word, or attempting to sell your manual as a supplemental text that he's written, or used some "new" breeding method that you can prove you developed and then documented in your manual, then he's probably doing nothing illegal. He's just using the idea of breeding guppies.

You do "own" the copyright to your text, all its words and clever phrases. And you don't even have to file with the Library of Congress in order to have the copyright on your text. The copyright is conferred upon you the minute you write your New York Times Bestseller. All you have to do is be able to prove, beyond any doubt, the date that you wrote the material. For your protection, then, it is wise to print and date your material, and establish with a third party through a written communication that you have just finished your text. At that time, you can legally affix the copyright symbol (the letter c inside a circle) to your work.

Now here's where a formal copyright comes in. By filing with the Library of Congress (and paying them their required application fee), you can establish definitively a date of copyright that will stand up in any court of law. Any judge or jury will defer to your date over someone else who can merely claim by word of mouth that his text came before yours. It's a good idea to formally copyright any text that you are planning to market. So, if you're convinced that the world population-at-large is in desperate need of "Breeding Guppies, What Every Ichthyologist Needs to Know" and you plan to sell it on eBay for $19.95, you should apply for a formal copyright.

Just having the copyright, however, doesn't mean that other people can't quote your work. They may do so, as long as you are given full credit for having written it prior to their use. This is called a "reference" or a "citation" and generally, whatever passage is being quoted will appear offset in quotation marks (so that the reader can visualize which words belong to someone other than the author of the text in which the quote appears). Of course, at present the contingent of Copyright Police is not up to tracking down every single instance of copyright infringement, and chances are that not everyone cites original authors as scrupulously as they should, so beware of whom you casually let look at or read your text (or to whom you give a copy).

Copyrights are not forever. Typically, a copyright lasts for some specified length of time past the natural life of the original author. Authors' heirs may sometimes re-apply for copyrights, but generally written texts that are this old are considered "public domain" and may be reproduced without paying the author's family a royalty fee.

In the publishing world, you will find that many publications require that you relinquish your copyright to the work in return for having your work published. This is a fairly standard procedure unless your name happens to be Stephen King or Danielle Steele. Once you've relinquished your copyright to a given work, you can not sell or submit that text again unless you get express approval from the publisher that now owns the copyright.

There are sites on the World Wide Web where you can post your work for others to read or use as they see fit, so-called "free content sites." In cases such as this, there should be a disclaimer that anyone who uses or reproduces your work must give you full credit. Whether this happens all the time is certainly a matter for some speculation, but your safeguard is that you own the copyright and if you find that someone is profiting from your work and that you have not been compensated, you can file a copyright infringement suit against them.

As of the date of this article, the current copyright fee is $30. All the instructions and necessary forms can be found on U.S. Copyright Office's web site: http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/. I have copyrighted several texts and advise that you mail your application with a "Return Receipt Requested" or "Delivery confirmation" from the U.S. Post Office. This is your proof that the Copyright Office has received your copyright application. 

Jan K., The Proofer is freelance proofreader and copyeditor. Visit http://www.jansportal for more information about Jan's proofreading and copyediting services and Jan's other free resources. Please visit Mom's Break (http://www.momsbreak.com/) for free printable crafts and projects. (c) Copyright 2005. All rights reserved.

Saving Money On Transportation Costs

It seems like we're always on the go these days. Whether traveling across the country (or the world) or across town, there are ways that you can get more travel out of your transportation dollars.

Airline Fares

Undeniably, the airlines are both the fastest and the most expensive way to travel far distances. You may lower the price of a round trip air fare by as much as two-thirds by making certain your trip includes a Saturday evening stay over, and by purchasing the ticket in advance. Many airlines divide up the seats on their flights into price categories. The cheapest ones sell first so it pays to shop early. To make certain you have a cheap fare, even if you use a travel agent, contact all the airlines that fly where you want to go and ask what the lowest fare to your destination is. Be flexible, if possible. Consider using low fare carriers or alternative airports and keep an eye out for fare wars.

Car Rental

Since car rental rates can vary greatly, shop around for the best basic rates. Ask about any additional charges (extra driver, gas, drop-off fees) and special offers, such as free upgrades. Rental car companies offer various insurance and waiver options. Check with your automobile insurance agent and credit card company in advance to avoid duplicating any coverage you may already have.

New Cars

You can save thousands of dollars over the lifetime of a car by selecting a model that combines a low purchase price with low financing, insurance, gasoline, maintenance, and repair costs. Ask your local librarian for new car guides that contain this information. Having selected a model, you can save hundreds of dollars by comparison shopping. Call at least five dealers for price quotes and let each know that you are calling others.

Most car dealerships and their salespeople have quotas and deadlines to meet, often on monthly and quarterly schedules. You'll probably get a better deal on the last day of the month than on the first day. September can be a great time to buy a current year model because the dealerships want to make room for the coming year's vehicles. December is also great because it's the end of the year and, in colder areas at least, car sales are usually in a slump.

Finally, remember there is no "cooling off" period on new car sales. Once you have signed a contract, you are obligated to buy the car.

Used Cars

Before buying any used car you need to compare the seller's asking price with the average retail price in a "bluebook" or other guide to car prices found at many libraries, banks, and credit unions. If needed, ask for help in deciphering the information. Next, have a mechanic you trust check the car, especially if the car is sold "as is." You don't want to be driving away with a cracked head gasket, or something even worse! Consider purchasing a used car from an individual you know and trust. You are more likely to get the car for a lower price and have any problems with it pointed out to you.

Auto Leasing

Don't decide to lease a car just because the payments are lower than on a traditional auto loan. The leasing payments may be lower because you don't own the car at the end of the lease. Leasing a car is very complicated. When shopping, consider the price of the car (known as the capitalized cost), your trade-in allowance, any down payment, monthly payments, various fees (excess mileage, excess "wear and tear," end-of-lease), and the cost of buying the car at the end of the lease. Keys to Vehicle Leasing: A Consumer Guide, published by the Federal Reserve Board and Federal Trade Commission, is a valuable source of information about auto leasing.

Gasoline

Did you just about die from sticker shock the last time you filled up? You can save hundreds of dollars a year by comparing prices at different stations, pumping gas yourself, and using the lowest-octane called for in your owner's manual. Pay cash at stations that charge extra for credit cards.

Don't top off the gas tank. First of all, it's dangerous! Second, too much gas will just slosh or seep out. Why waste those extra pennies? Tighten up that gas cap. Make sure it's on securely. Buy a new one if your current cap doesn't fit snugly. Gas easily evaporates from the tank if it has an escape.

You can save up to $100 a year on gas by keeping your engine tuned and your tires inflated to their proper pressure. Get regular tune-ups and follow through with routine maintenance. A well-tuned engine burns less gas. Underinflated tires waste fuel and wear out the tire tread. Also, check tires regularly for alignment and balance. Remove snow tires in good weather. Deep tread and big tires use more fuel.

Clean out your trunk. Excessive weight in your trunk causes your car to use more fuel. For every extra 250 pounds your engine hauls, the car loses about one mile per gallon in fuel economy. Carry only the basic emergency equipment and items you really need.

Buy a fuel-efficient car. When pricing cars, factor in long-term fuel costs. Keep in mind that, though you may like the wind blowing through your hair, sunroofs add to wind resistance, lowering the mileage per gallon. Also, be smart with the air conditioning. Air conditioning can lower your fuel economy by 10 percent to 20 percent. On the highway, closed windows decrease wind resistance, so run the air conditioner. But in stop-and-go traffic, shutting off the air conditioning and opening the windows can lighten your fuel use.

Car Repairs

Consumers lose billions of dollars each year on unneeded or poorly done car repairs. The most important step that you can take to save money on these repairs is to find a skilled, honest mechanic. Before you need repairs, look for a mechanic who is certified and well-established, has done good work for someone you know, and communicates well about repair options and costs. Asking friends, family, and coworkers who they use is probably the best way to find a good mechanic. In addition, preventative maintenance is the operative phrase here. You know the saying: "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Take care of those minor problems before they become major ones!

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(c) Simple Joe, Inc.
Chemain Evans is a quality control specialist for Simple Joe, Inc., makers of the popular Simple Joe's Expense Tracker PC software. Expense Tracker is a quick and simple way to keep track of your expenses and stay within your budget. Expense Tracker is ideal for tracking personal, business, home and club expenses.. This article may be freely distributed as long as the copyright, author's information and an active link (where possible) are included.

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Super Secret Exercise Tips for People with Arthritis

People with arthritis should exercise but they need to keep some valuable information in mind. Here are some important tips to follow:

1. Make sure you warm up. Warming up increases blood flow and helps muscles loosen up. Five minutes of simple walking or riding a stationary bike will do it.

2. Stretching improves flexibility which helps a patient prepare for aerobic activity. Stretching the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles is important.

3. Start out easy. If you exercise too hard you switch from aerobic to anaerobic activity. This can lead to potentially painful and dangerous injury. To determine where you need to be, find your target heart rate by subtracting your age from 220, then aim for 40 to 70% of that rate.

4. You need to push a bit. Make sure you are working inside the 40 to 70% range to improve energy, lose weight, and build muscle. If you push too hard you'll be in a lot of pain and may need to back off a bit.

5. Do not eat within two hours of exercising. Digestion causes blood flow to go to the gut instead of the muscles. This could cause abdominal cramps and nausea.

6. Make sure you don't overdo it. When lifting weights, the temptation is to push too hard. If you are lifting the proper amount of weight you will feel fatigue by the 15th repetition. When you find that a certain weight becomes too easy, go up a bit in weight. Weight training helps improve stamina, energy, and strength.

7. Cool down properly. Stretch, breathe deeply, and don't stop abruptly.

8. Drink plenty of water. The rule of thumb is drinking 8 ounces of water for every fifteen minutes of exercise. After you're done, drink more. Proper water intake will help with your cool down, circulation, and injury prevention.

9. If you're using a stair climber or elliptical machine, the temptation is to lean on the arm rests. This could lead to bad posture and low back problems. Stand straight.

10. Use proper form. Improper form leads to injury.

11. If you hurt, skip your exercise that day. Trying to work through the pain may lead to injury. You may notice some muscle soreness the day after a good workout. The soreness should not last longer than a day or two.

12. Consider seeing a physical therapist prior to starting an exercise program. They can give you a set of "do's and don'ts".

13. "Custom fit" your exercise. For instance, if you have bad shoulders, then swimming is probably not the right exercise for you. Consider biking or walking. On the other hand, if you have bad knees, swimming might be better for you than walking. Avoid rowing if you have a bad back.

Dr. Wei (pronounced "way") is a board-certified rheumatologist and Clinical Director of the nationally respected Arthritis and Osteoporosis Center of Maryland. He is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and has served as a consultant to the Arthritis Branch of the National Institutes of Health. He is a Fellow of the American College of Rheumatology and the American College of Physicians. For more information on arthritis and related conditions, go to: http://www.arthritis-treatment-and-relief.com

Rough Guide to Spain

Spain is the cultural centre of Europe and the third most popular tourist destination in the world; furthermore it is home to an ever growing eclectic mix of expatriates from around the globe. 

 

Those who choose to visit or relocate to Spain are drawn by the country's charm, beauty and passionate people: this rough guide to Spain will give you an introduction to this fascinating, rich and diverse country.

 

The Environment and Climate

 

Mainland Spain is located in South Western Europe.  It makes up about 80% of the Iberian Peninsula which it shares with Portugal and Gibraltar.

 

The Pyrenees form the north-eastern edge of the Peninsula, and the Peninsula is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea on the south and east, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the north and west.  Mainland Spain also borders Andorra and France. 

 

Mainland Spain enjoys a beautiful Mediterranean climate with hot summers and with the winters being divided into relatively cold in the interior, temperate on the coast and fair on the islands that make up the Kingdom of Spain.

 

Further Spanish territories and tourist hotspots are the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea: the main islands making up the Balearics are Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera - and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Sea: the seven islands making up the Canaries are Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro and Fuertaventura.

 

The Kingdom of Spain also consists of two cities in North Africa called Ceuta and Melilla.

 

Spain's Historical Background

 

Spain was once the most powerful nation in Europe and derived most of its wealth at the time from its colonization of the Americas which began with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492.

 

After that time Spain suffered a long history of wars, revolts and conflicts which were responsible for a steady decline in the country's wealth, status and position.

 

In 1939 General Franco was able to take over as dictator of Spain.  He ruled a politically and economically exhausted Spain until his death in 1975.

 

During the 1960s and 1970s Spain thankfully began to regain its economic strength through industry and tourism. 

 

When Franco died in 1975 Prince Juan Carlos became the king of Spain and the Head of State.  He instigated important political changes and turned Spain from an authoritarian regime into a democracy and from a weakened European state into one of the most politically and economically strong countries in Europe today.

 

Spain Today

 

Spain today is economically and politically stable and divided into 17 regions which function as a Federation of Autonomous Communities.  Each region is geographically and culturally different and even different in personality.  For example, you can visit the southern Spanish region of Andalusia and bask on beautiful beaches in the 3000 hours of sunshine the region enjoys a year, or you could travel north to Asturias where some of Spain's most interesting popular customs come from and where magnificent mountains dominate the landscape and the climate.

 

You can ski in Spain, and sunbathe in Spain, you can mountain climb and dive, surf and snorkel, you can enjoy flamenco, bull fighting, tapas and wine, you can relax or party for a week, bask in the cultural centre of Europe or just bask on a sun drenched beach